A blue and yellow mural painted on what looks to be a shipping container, of three people in profile. Between two of the faces is a small black rectangle with the words, "Our home."
Bibliography
Work in Progress
Black and Brown Intimacies Across Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean: A Preliminary Bibliography

Note: This is a preliminary bibliography with no claims to comprehensiveness. Please feel free to contact the colloquy curators with reading recommendations. Our aim is to collaboratively create a robust bibliography.

AFRO-ASIA

Aiyar, Sana. Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015.

Ali, Omar H., Kenneth X. Robbins, Beheroze Shroff, and Jazmin Graves, eds. Afro-South Asia in the Global African Diaspora, 3 vols. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020.

Arabindan-Kesson, Anna. “Picturing South Asians in Victorian Jamaica.” In Victorian Jamaica, edited by Tim Barringer and Wayne Modest, 395-419. Durham: Duke University Press, 2015.

Bahadur, Gaiutra. “Postcards from Empire.” Dissent 62, no. 2 (Spring 2015): 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1353/dss.2015.0029.

Baptiste, Fitzroy A. “African Presence in India. Part One.” Africa Quarterly 38, no. 1 (1998): 75–90.

Bertz, Ned. Diaspora and Nation in the Indian Ocean: Transnational Histories of Race and Urban Space in Tanzania. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2017.

Bertz, Ned. "The Indian Diaspora in Tanzania." In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. 26 May 2021.

Bose, Neilesh, ed. South Asian Migrations in Global History: Labor, Law, and Wayward Lives. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020.

Burbank, Jane, and Frederick Cooper. Post-Imperial Possibilities: Eurasia, Eurafrica, Afroasia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2023.

Burton, Antoinette M. Brown Over Black: Race and the Politics of Postcolonial Citation. New Delhi: Three Essays Collective, 2012.

Douglass, Frederick. “Coolie Trade.” In Reconstruction and After. Vol. 4 of Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, edited by Philip Foner. New York: International, 1955.

Douglass, Frederick. “Cheap Labor.” In Reconstruction and After. Vol. 4 of Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, edited by Philip Foner. New York: International, 1955.

Du Bois, W. E. B. “The Clash of Colour: Indians and American Negroes.” In W.E. B. Du Bois on Asia: Crossing the World Color Line, edited by Bill V. Mullen and Cathryn Watson, 68–73. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1936 (2005).

Ellapen, Jordache A. “When the Moon Waxes Red: Afro-Asian Feminist Intimacies and the Aesthetics of Indenture.” Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 21, no. 2 (2017): 94–111.

Goffe, Tao Leigh. “Intimate Occupations: The Afterlife of the ‘Coolie.’” Transforming Anthropology 22, no. 1 (2014): 53–61.

——. “‘Guano in Their Destiny’: Race, Geology, and a Philosophy of Indenture.” Amerasia Journal 45, no. 1 (2019): 1–23.

Hawley, John C., ed. India in Africa, Africa in India: Indian Ocean Cosmopolitanisms. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.

Jayawardene, Sureshi M. “The Western Indian Ocean African Diaspora and #BlackLivesMatter: Situating Siddi, Sheedi, and Ceylon African Struggles and Politics.” Journal of Black Studies 53, no. 6 (2022): 586–608.

Kee, Joan. The Geometries of Afro Asia: Art Beyond Solidarity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2023.

Kooria, Mahmood, ed. Narrating Africa in South Asia. Oxfordshire: Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023.

Munasinghe, Viranjini. Callaloo or Tossed Salad? East Indians and the Cultural Politics of Identity in Trinidad. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001.

——. “Culture Creators and Culture Bearers: The Interface Between Race and Ethnicity in Trinidad.” Transforming Anthropology 6, no. 1–2 (1997): 72–86. 

——. “Dougla Logics, Miscegenation, and the National Imaginary.” South Asian Review 27, no. 1 (2006): 204–32.

Patel, Shailja. Migritude. Los Angeles: Kaya Press, 2010.

Parmar, Maya. Reading Cultural Representations of the Double Diaspora: Britain, East Africa, Gujarat. Princeton: Springer, 2019.

Powell, Elliott H. Sounds from the Other Side: Afro–South Asian Collaborations in Black Popular Music. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2020.

Prashad, Vijay. “Bandung Is Done: Passages in Afro-Asian Epistemology.” In AfroAsian Encounters: Culture, History, Politics, edited by Heike Hernandez and Shannon Steen, xi–xxiii. New York: New York University Press, 2006.

——. “Crafting Solidarities.” In A Part Yet Apart: South Asians in Asian America, edited by Dhingra Shankar and Rajini Srikanth, 540–557. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.

Raphael-Hernandez, Heike, and Shannon Steen, eds. AfroAsian Encounters: Culture, History, Politics. New York: New York University Press, 2006.

Roberts, Tamara. Resounding Afro Asia: Interracial Music and the Politics of Collaboration. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Selvon, Samuel. “Three Into One Can't Go—East Indian, Trinidadian or West Indian?” Wasafiri 3, no. 5 (1986): 8–11.

Shankar, Shobhana. An Uneasy Embrace: Africa, India and the Spectre of Race. London: Oxford University Press, 2021.

Sykes, Jim, and Julia Suzanne Byl, eds. Sounding the Indian Ocean: Musical Circulations in the Afro-Asiatic Seascape. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2023.

Wahab, Amar. “Contesting Cultural Citizenship? The East Indian ‘Big House’ in Trinidad’s Nationalist Discourse.” Works and Days 47/48, no. 24 (2006): 141–65.

——. “Mapping West Indian Orientalism: Race, Gender, and Representation of Indentured Coolies in the Nineteenth-Century British West Indies.” Journal of Asian American Studies 10, no. 3 (2007): 283–311.

Wong, Edlie L. Racial Reconstruction: Black Inclusion, Chinese Exclusion, and the Fictions of Citizenship. New York: New York University Press, 2015.

Zamor, Hélène. "Preserving Indian Identity in the French Caribbean: A Case for Guadeloupe and Martinique." Articles Page 42, no. 2 (2017): 1–23.

INDENTURE

Anderson, Clare. “Convicts and Coolies: Rethinking Indentured Labour in the Nineteenth Century.” Slavery & Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies 30, no. 1 (2009): 93–109.

Arora, Poonam. “Imperilling the Prestige of the White Woman”: Colonial Anxiety and Film Censorship in British India.” Visual Anthropology Review 11, no. 2 (1995): 36–50.

Bhardwaj, Ashutosh, and Judith Misrahi-Barak, eds. Kala Pani Crossings: Revisiting 19th Century Migrations from India’s Perspective. London: Routledge, 2021.

Carter, Marina, and Khal Torabully. Coolitude: An Anthology of the Indian Labour Diaspora. London: Anthem Press, 2002.

Dabydeen, David, Maria del Pilar Kaladeen, and Tina K. Ramnarine, eds. We Mark Your Memory: Writings from the Descendants of Indenture. London: University of London Press, 2018.

del Pilar Kaladeen, Maria, and David Dabydeen, eds. The Other Windrush: Legacies of Indenture in Britain's Caribbean Empire. London: Pluto Press, 2021.

Emmer, Pieter C. “The Meek Hindu; The Recruitment of Indian Indentured Labourers for Service Overseas, 1870–1916.” In Colonialism and Migration; Indentured Labour Before and After Slavery, edited by Pieter C. Emmer, 187–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986.

Gosine, Andil. “After Indenture.” Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 21, no. 2 (2017): 63–67.

Gosine, Andil, and Nalini Mohabir, eds. “Afterlives of Indenture.” Special issue, Wasafiri 110 (Summer 2022). https://www.wasafiri.org/issues/wasafiri-issue-110/.

Gowricharn, Ruben. Multiple Homemaking: The Ethnic Condition in Indian Diaspora Societies. London: Taylor & Francis, 2020.

——. “Practices in Taste Maintenance. The Case of Indian Diaspora Markets.” Journal of Consumer Culture 19, no. 3 (2019): 398–416.

Gowricharn, Ruben, ed. Shifting Transnational Bonding in Indian Diaspora. London: Taylor & Francis, 2020.

Hassankhan, Maurits. “Kahe Gaile Bides—Why Did You Go Overseas? An Introduction in Emotional Aspects of Migration History: A Diaspora Perspective.” Man in India 93, no. 1 (2013): 1–28.

Hassankhan, Maurits S., Brij V. Lal, and Doug Munro, eds. Resistance and Indian Indenture Experience: Comparative Perspectives. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2014.

Jha, Praveen Kumar. “Migration and Music: Incarnations of Biraha.” In Home, Belonging and Memory in Migration: Leaving and Living, edited by Salan Jha and Pushpendra Kumar Singh. Delhi: Routledge India, 2021.

Jung, Moon-Ho. Coolies and Cane: Race, Labor, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

Kale, Madhavi. Fragments of Empire: Capital, Slavery, and Indian Indentured Labor Migration in the British Caribbean. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.

Kumar, Ashutosh. Coolies of Empire: Indentured Indians in the Sugar Colonies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Lai, Walton Look. Chinese in the West Indies, 1806–1995. Mona: University Press of West Indies, 1998.

——. Indentured Labor, Caribbean Sugar: Chinese and Indian Migrations to the British West Indies, 1838–1918. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

Lal, Brij V. “Indenture: Experiment and Experience.” In The Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora, edited by Joya Chatterji and David Washbrook, 79–95. London: Routledge, 2013.

Pearce, Marsha. “Chanting Down Indenture.” In Coolie Coolie Viens, edited by Andil Gosine, 5–9. London: McIntosh Gallery, Western University, 2018.

Mohabir, Nalini. “Kala Pani: Aesthetic Deathscapes and the Flow of Water after Indenture.” Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 5, no. 3 (2019): 293–314.

——. “Picturing an Afterlife of Indenture.” Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 21, no. 2 (2017): 81–93.

Mohammed, Shanaaz. “Reimagining the Aapravasi Ghat: Khal Torabully’s Poetry and the Indentured Diaspora.” Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 4, no. 21 (2021): 118–47.

Munasinghe, Viranjini. “Nationalism in Hybrid Spaces: The Production of Impurity out of Purity.” American Ethnologist 29, no. 3 (2002): 663–92.

Persaud, Alexander. “Escaping Local Risk by Entering Indentureship: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Indian Migration.” The Journal of Economic History 79, no. 2 (2019): 447–476.

Roopnarine, Lomarsh. Indo-Caribbean Indenture: Resistance and Accommodation, 1838–1920. Mona: University Press of West Indies, 2006.

——. “Indo-Caribbean Migration: From Periphery to Core.” Caribbean Quarterly 49, no. 3 (2003): 30–60.

——. “Indian Indentured Servitude in the Atlantic World.” In Oxford Bibliographies in Atlantic History. Oxford University Press, 2009–. Article published on March 30, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/OBO/9780199730414-0210.

——. Indian Indenture in the Danish West Indies, 1863–1873. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

——. The Indian Caribbean: Migration and Identity in the Diaspora. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2018.

Saunders, Kay, ed. Indentured Labour in the British Empire, 1834–1920. London: Croom Helm, 1984.

Shepherd, Verene. Maharani's Misery: Narratives of a Passage from India to the Caribbean. Mona: University of West Indies Press, 2002.

Sinha, Mrinalini. 2018. “Anatomy of a Protest: The Abolition of Indian Indentured Labor in the British Empire.” Kennesaw State University, recorded February 8, 2018. Video of lecture, 1:06:59. http://ksutv.kennesaw.edu/play.php?v=00130013.

Tikasingh, Gerad. “The Establishment of the Indians in Trinidad, 1870–1900.” PhD diss., University of the West Indies, 1973.

Tinker, Hugh. A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas, 1830–1920. London: Hansib, 1993.

Weller, Judith Ann. The East Indian Indenture in Trinidad. Rio Piedras: Institute of Caribbean Studies, University of Puerto Rico, 1968.

CARIBBEAN

Benítez-Rojo, Antonio. The Repeating Island: The Caribbean and the Postmodern Perspective. Durham: Duke University Press, 1992.

Carby, Hazel V. Imperial Intimacies: A Tale of Two Islands. London: Verso Books, 2019.

Dabydeen, David, and Brinsley Samaroo, eds. Across the Dark Waters: Ethnicity and Indian Identity in the Caribbean. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1996.

Khan, Aisha. Callaloo Nation: Metaphors of Race and Religious Identity among South Asians in Trinidad. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003.

Gooptar, Primnath. The Impact of Indian Movies on East Indian Identity in Trinidad. Saarbrucken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2014.

Gosine, Andil, Sean Metzer, and Patricia Mohammed, eds. “Expressions of Asian Caribbeanness.” Special issue, Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 5, no. 1–2 (2019).

Gosine, Mahin, and Dhanpaul Narine. Sojourners to Settlers: The Indian Migrants in the Caribbean and the Americas. New York: Windsor Press, 1999.

Haigh, Sam. “Theorizing the ‘Not Quite’ Postcolonial: Politics, Psychoanalysis and French Caribbean Writing.” Journal of Romance Studies 6, no. 3 (2006): 127–135.

Ho, Christine GT, and Keith Nurse, eds. Globalisation, Diaspora and Caribbean Popular Culture. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 2005.

Hosein, Gabrielle Jamela. “Transnational Spirituality, Invented Ethnicity and Performances of Citizenship in Trinidad.” Citizenship Studies: Citizenship After Orientalism: An Unfinished Project 16, no. 5–6 (2012): 737–49.

Lamming, George. “The Indian Presence as a Caribbean Reality.” In Indenture and Exile: The Indo-Caribbean Experience, edited by Frank Birbalsingh, 45–54. Toronto: Mawenzi House Publishers, 1989.

Lai, Walton Look. “Asian Contract and Free Migrations to the Americas.” In Coerced and Free Migrations: Global Perspectives, edited by David Eltis, 229-258. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002.

Mansingh, Laxmi, and Ajai Mansingh. Home Away from Home: 150 Years of Indian Presence in Jamaica, 1845–1995. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 1999.

Meighoo, Kirk. “Curry Goat as a Metaphor for the Indian/Jamaican Future.” Social and Economic Studies 48, no. 3 (1999): 43–59.

Mohabir, Rajiv. “Chutneyed Poetics: Reading Diaspora and Sundar Popo’s Chutney Lyrics as Indo-Caribbean Postcolonial Literature.” Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal 15, no. 1 (2019): 1–17.

Mohammed, Patricia. Imaging the Caribbean: Culture and Visual Translation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Moore, Brian L., and Michele A. Johnson. Neither Led nor Driven: Contesting British Cultural Imperialism in Jamaica, 1865–1920. Kingston: University Press of the West Indies, 2004.

Munro, Hope. What She Go Do: Women in Afro-Trinidadian Music. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2016.

Munro, Martin. Listening to the Caribbean: Sounds of Slavery, Revolt, and Race. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2022.

Nettleford, Rex M. “The Melody of Europe, the Rhythm of Africa.” In Mirror, Mirror: Identity, Race and Protest in Jamaica, 171–211. Kingston: William Collins and Sangster, 1972.

Niranjana, Tejaswini. Mobilizing India: Women, Music, and Migration Between India and Trinidad. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.

Northover, Patricia Marie, and Michaeline Crichlow. Globalization and the Post-Creole Imagination: Notes on Fleeing the Plantation. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.

Northrup, David. “Indentured Indians in the French Antilles.” Revue Française d’Histoire d’Outre-mer 87, no. 326–327 (2000): 245–271.

Premdas, Ralph R. “Elections, Identity and Ethnic Conflict in the Caribbean.” Pouvoirs dans la Caraïbe 14 (2004): 17–61.

Puri, Shalini. The Caribbean Postcolonial: Social Equality, Post-Nationalism, and Cultural Hybridity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Ramnarine, Tina K. Beautiful Cosmos: Performance and Belonging in the Caribbean Diaspora. London: Pluto Press, 2007.

——, ed. “Dance, Music and Cultures of Decolonisation in the Indian Diaspora.” Special issue of South Asian Diaspora 11, no. 2 (2019).

——, ed. Global Perspectives on Orchestras: Collective Creativity and Social Agency. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Ramsaran, Dave, and Linden F. Lewis. Caribbean Masala: Indian Identity in Guyana and Trinidad. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2018.

Reddock, Rhoda. “Jahaji Bhai: The Emergence of a Dougla Poetics in Trinidad and Tobago.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 5, no. 4 (1999): 569–601.

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. “Motion in the System: Coffee, Color, and Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Saint-Domingue.” Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 5, no. 3 (1982): 331–388.

——. “The Caribbean Region: An Open Frontier in Anthropological Theory.” Annual Review of Anthropology (1992): 19–42.

——. ‘‘The Otherwise Modern: Caribbean Lessons from the Savage Slot.” In Critically Modern: Alternatives, Alterities, Anthropologies, edited by Bruce M. Knauft, 220–240. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.

Viala, Fabienne. The Post-Columbus Syndrome: Identities, Cultural Nationalism, and Commemorations in the Caribbean. New York: Springer, 2014.

EAST AND SOUTH AFRICA, FIJI, MAURITIUS

Clarke, Colin G., Ceri Peach, and Steven Vertovec. South Asians Overseas: Migration and Ethnicity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Desai, Ashwin, and Goolam H. Vahed. Inside Indenture: A South African Story, 1860–1914. Durban: Madiba Publishers, 2007.

Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma. From Cane Fields to Freedom: A Chronicle of Indian South African Life. Cape Town: Kwela Books, 2000.

Dineo Gqola, Pumla. What Is Slavery to Me?: Postcolonial. Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2018.

Eisenlohr, Patrick. “Suggestions of Movement: Voice and Sonic Atmospheres in Mauritian Muslim Devotional Practices.” Cultural Anthropology 33, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 32–57. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca33.1.02

Ganesh, Kamala. “Beyond Historical Origins: Negotiating Tamilness in South Africa.” Journal of Social Sciences 25, no. 1–3 (October 2010): 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2010.11892863

Koshy, Susan, and R. Radhakrishnan. Transnational South Asians: The Making of a Neo-Diaspora. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Lal, Brij V. Chalo Jahaji: On a Journey through Indenture in Fiji. Acton: ANU Press, 2012.

Mamdani, Mahmood. From Citizen to Refugee: Uganda Asians Come to Britain. Cantley: Daraja Press, 2022.

Meer, Y. S. Documents of Indentured Labour Natal 1851–1917 by Y. S. Meer. Durban: Institute of Black Research, 1980.

Miller, Kevin Christopher. “A Community of Sentiment: Indo-Fijian Music and Identity Discourse in Fiji and Its Diaspora", PhD diss., University of California Los Angeles, 2008.

Mishra, Sudesh. “Tazia Fiji! The Place of Potentiality.” In Transnational South Asians: The Making of a Neo-Diaspora, edited by Susan Koshy and R. Radhakrishnan, 71–94. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Ojwang, Dan. Reading Migration and Culture: The World of East African Indian Literature. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Sanadhya, Totaram. My Twenty-One Years in the Fiji Islands; and the Story of The Haunted Line. Translated and edited by John Dunham Kelly and Uttra Kumari Singh. Translated from the Hindi by Brij V. Lal and Barry Shineberg. Suva: Quality Print Ltd, 2003.

Singaravélou, Pierre. “Indians in the French Overseas Departments: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion.” In South Asians Overseas: Migration and Ethnicity, edited by Colin Clarke, Ceri Peach, Steven Vertovec, 75–88. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Swift, Candice Lowe. “Privileging the Diaspora in Mauritius: Making World Heritage for a Multicultural Nation.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 16, no. 3 (2007): 287–322. https://doi.org/10.1353/dsp.2007.0023

Tallie, T. J. Queering Colonial Natal: Indigeneity and the Violence of Belonging in Southern Africa. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019. 

Younger, Paul. New Homelands: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Yun, Lisa. The Coolie Speaks: Chinese Indentured Laborers and African Slaves in Cuba. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008. 

CINEMA

Adamu, Abdalla. “Transnational Influences and National Appropriations: The Influence of Hindi Film Music on Muslim Hausa Popular and Religious Music.” Paper presented at the Congres des Musiques dan le monde de l’islam, World Conference on Music in the world of Islam, Assilah, Morocco, August 2007. https://auadamu.com/index.php/pd1/conference-presentations

Armbrust, Walter. “The Ubiquitous Nonpresence of India: Peripheral Visions from Egyptian Popular Culture.” In Global Bollywood: Travels of Hindi Song and Dance, edited by Sangita Gopal and Sujata Moorti, 200–220. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008.

Fair, Laura. Reel Pleasures: Cinema Audiences and Entrepreneurs in Twentieth-Century Urban Tanzania. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2018.

Garritano, Carmela. African Video Movies and Global Desires: A Ghanaian History. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2013. 

Gopal, Sangita, and Sujata Moorti, eds. Global Bollywood Travels of Hindi Song and Dance. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2010.

Halstead, Narmala. “Belonging and Respect Notions Vis-à-Vis Modern East Indians: Hindi Movies in the Guyanese East Indian Diaspora.” In Bollyworld: Popular Indian Cinema through a Transnational Lens, edited by Raminder Kaur and Ajay Sinha, 261–83. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. 

Hudson, Dale. “Songs from India and Zanzibar: Documenting the Gulf in Migration.” Studies in South Asian Film & Media 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1386/safm_00008_1

Iordanova, Dina, and Dimitri Eleftheriotis, eds. “Indian Cinema Abroad: Historiography of Transnational Cinematic Exchanges.” South Asian Popular Culture 4, no. 2 (October 2006). https://doi.org/10.1080/14746680600797095

Kaur, Raminder, and Ajay J. Sinha. Bollyworld: Popular Indian Cinema through a Transnational Lens. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2006.

Kavoori, Anandam P., and Aswin Punathambekar. Global Bollywood. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Lallmahomed-Aumeerally, Naseem. “A Reading of Bollywood Cinema as a Site of Melancholia for Indo-Mauritian Muslim Female Youth.” South Asian Popular Culture 12, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 149–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2014.983708.

Larkin, Brian. Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Culture in Nigeria. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.

Melnick, Ross. “Caribbean Dreams: Local Politics and Regional Decisions in Hollywood Theaters in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Cuba.” In Hollywood’s Embassies: How Movie Theaters Projected American Power Around the World, 182–206. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/meln20150.15

Naficy, Hamid. “For a Theory of Regional Cinemas: Middle Eastern, North African and Central Asian Cinemas.” Early Popular Visual Culture 6, no. 2 (July 2008): 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17460650802150366

Narain, Atticus. “Bring Back the Old Films, Our Culture Is in Disrepute: Hindi Film and the Construction of Femininity in Guyana.” In Global Bollywood, 164–79. New York: New York University Press, 2008. 

ART

Archer, Melanie, Mariel Brown, and Marsha Pearce. See Me Here: A Survey of Contemporary Self-Portraits from the Caribbean. Laventille: Robert & Christopher Publishers, 2014.

Bagoo, Andre. “Le bébé Krishna Bleu.” In Coolie Coolie Viens, edited by Andil Gosine, 73–77. London, ON: McIntosh Gallery, Western University, 2008. 

Campa, Marta Fernández. “The Archive and the Repertoire in Roshini Kempadoo’s Ghosting.” Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 110–25. https://doi.org/10.1215/07990537-3844283.

Edmondson, Belinda. “Race, Tradition, and the Construction of the Caribbean Aesthetic.” New Literary History 25, no. 1 (1994): 109–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/469443.

Gosine, Andil. “Visual Art after Indenture: Authoethnographic Reflections.” South Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 105–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2017.1299308.

Mary, Kelly Sinnapah. "Notebook of No Return." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 5, no. 1–2 (2019): 207–212, https://doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00501012

Mohabir, Nalini. “An Interview with Roshini Kempadoo.” Ex Plus Ultra 2 (2010): 1–15. https://www.academia.edu/3119167/An_Interview_with_Roshini_Kempadoo.

——. “Our Holy Waters and Mine: The Art of Andil Gosine.” Of Note Magazine, 2014. http://ofnotemagazine.org/2014/04/30/5582/.

Pearce, Marsha. “Picturing Self.” In See Me Here: A Survey of Contemporary Self-Portraits from the Caribbean, edited by Mariel Brown and Melanie Archer. Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Robert and Christopher Publishers, 2014.

Rohlehr, Gordon. “Articulating a Caribbean Aesthetic.” In My Strangled City, and Other Essays. Trinidad: Longman, 1992. Reprint, Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 2019. 

MUSIC

Cohen, Robin, and Paola Toninato. The Creolization Reader: Studies in Mixed Identities and Cultures. London: Routledge, 2010.

Edmondson, Belinda. Caribbean Romances: The Politics of Regional Representation. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999.

Gooptar, Primnath. “The Mike Men of Trinidad.” In Social and Cultural Dimensions of Indian Indentured Labour and Its Diaspora: Past and Present. London: Routledge, 2024.

Manuel, Peter. “Chutney and Indo-Trinidadian Cultural Identity.” Popular Music 17, no. 1 (January 1998): 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000000477.

——. East Indian Music in the West Indies: Tān-singing, Chutney, and the Making of Indo-Caribbean Culture. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000.

——. Tales, Tunes, and Tassa Drums: Retention and Invention into Indo-Caribbean Music. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015. 

Myers, Helen. Music of Hindu Trinidad: Songs from the India Diaspora. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Patasar, Sharda. “The Evolution of Indian Musical Forms in Trinidad from 1845 to the Present.” Caribbean Studies thesis., University of West Indies, 1998.

Pura, Shalini. “Canonized Hybridities, Resistant Hybridities: Chutney Soca, Carnival, and the Politics of Nationalism.” In Caribbean Romances: The Politics of Regional Representation, edited by Belinda J. Edmondson, 12–38. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1999.

Ramnarine, Tina K. Creating Their Own Space: The Development of an Indian-Caribbean Musical Tradition. Kingston: University Press of the West Indies, 2001.

Ribeiro, Indra. “The Phenomenon of Chutney Singing in Trinidad and Tobago.” Caribbean Studies thesis, University of the West Indies, 1992.

Rohlehr, Gordon. “Calypso Reinvents Itself.” In The Creolization Reader: Studies in Mixed Identities and Cultures, edited by Robin Cohen and Paolo Toninato, 170–84. London: Routledge, 2010.

Sankeralli, Burton. “Indian Presence in Carnival.” TDR/The Drama Review 42, no. 3 (September 1998): 203–12. https://doi.org/10.1162/105420498760308562 .

Saunders, J. B. “Remembered Rhythms: Essays on Diaspora and the Music of India. Edited by Shubha Chaudhuri and Anthony Seeger.” The Journal of Hindu Studies 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2012): 241–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhs/his027.

Schultz, Anna. “Bollywood Bhajans: Style as ‘Air’ in an Indian-Guyanese Twice-Migrant Community.” Ethnomusicology Forum 23, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 383–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/17411912.2014.909736.

Hassankhan, Maurits S., Lormarsh Roopnarine, and Radica Mahase. Social and Cultural Dimensions of Indian Indentured Labour and its Diaspora: Past and Present. London: Routledge, 2016. 

GENDER AND SEXUALITY

Alexander, M. Jacqui, Jack Halberstam, and Lisa Lowe. Pedagogies of Crossing: Meditations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory, and the Sacred. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.

——. “Not Just (Any) Body Can Be a Citizen: The Politics of Law, Sexuality and Postcoloniality in Trinidad and Tobago and the Bahamas.” Feminist Review, no. 48 (1994): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/1395166

Arondekar, Anjali. “Border/Line Sex: Queer Postcolonialities, or How Race Matters Outside the United States.” Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies 7, no. 2 (2005): 236–50. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203720776-44.

Atluri, Tara L. When the Closet is a Region: Homophobia, Heterosexism and Nationalism in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Bridgetown: Centre for Gender and Development Studies, University of the West Indies, 2001.

——. “Putting the ‘Cool’ in Coolie: Disidentification, Desire and Dissent in the Work of Filmmaker Michelle Mohabeer.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, no. 3 (2009): 1–25.

Bahadur, Gaiutra. Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. London: C. Hurst & Company, 2016.

Barriteu, Eudine, and Rafael Ramirez. Confronting Power Theorizing Gender Interdisciplinary Perspectives in the Caribbean. Kingston: University Press of the West Indies, 2003.

López-Vallés, Ilsa. “Bindi: The Multifaceted Indo-Caribbean Women Ed. by Rosanne Kanhai (Review).” Caribbean Studies 42, no. 1 (January 2014): 297–300. https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2014.0015.

Campbell, Kofi Omoniyi Sylvanus. Queer Caribbean Speaks: Interviews with Writers, Artists, and Activists. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

Crichlow, Wesley. Buller Men and Batty Bwoys: Hidden Men in Toronto and Halifax Black Communities. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016.

——. “History, (Re)Memory, Testimony, and Biomythography: Charting a Buller Man’s Trinidadian Past.” In Interrogating Caribbean Masculinities: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses, edited by Rhoda Reddock, 185–222. West Indies: University Press of West Indies, 2004.

Cruz, Arnaldo, and Martin F. Manalansan. Queer Globalizations: Citizenship and the Afterlife of Colonialism. New York: New York University Press, 2002.

Cummings, Ronald, and Nalini Mohabir. “‘The Anger of Very, Very Restless Spirits’”: Plantation Arrivals, Diasporic Departures and Other Queer Narratives of Caribbean Becoming — A Conversation with Faizal Deen.” Journal of West Indian Literature 26, no. 1 (2018): 10–24.

Das, Mahadai. “They Came in Ships.” In The Routledge Reader in Caribbean Literature, edited by Alison Donnell and Sarah Lawson Welsh, 302–3. London: Routledge, 1996.

Djeli, Gitan. “Kreoling Sisters: (Un)Intimate Relationships, Child Marriages and Women Spirits.” Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 114–24. https://doi.org/10.13169/jofstudindentleg.1.1.0114.

Donnell, Alison, and Sarah Lawson Welsh, eds. The Routledge Reader in Caribbean Literature. London: Routledge, 1996.

Ebrahim, Haseenah. “A Poetics of Sensuality: Xenophobia and Same-Sex Intimacy in Cane/Cain.” Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 141–58. https://doi.org/10.1386/qsmpc_00050_1.

Ellapen, Jordache A. “Queering the Archive: Brown Bodies in Ecstasy: Visual Assemblages, and the Pleasures of Transgressive Erotics.” The Scholar & Feminist Online, 14, no. 3 (March 24, 2018). https://sfonline.barnard.edu/feminist-and-queer-afro-asian-formations/queering-the-archive-brown-bodies-in-ecstasy-visual-assemblages-and-the-pleasures-of-transgressive-erotics.

Elwin, Rosamund. Tongues on Fire: Caribbean Lesbian Lives and Stories. Toronto: Women’s Press, 2008.

Espinet, Ramabai. “Representation and the Indo-Caribbean Woman in Trinidad and Tobago.” In Indo-Caribbean Resistance, edited by Frank Birbalsingh, 42–61. Toronto: TSAR, 1993.

Ghisyawan, Krystal N., and Preity R. Kumar. “Queer Tactility: Same-Sex Intimacies between Women in Chutney and Soca Music.” Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies 4, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 87–105. https://doi.org/10.23870/marlas.292.

Ghisyawan, Krystal Nandini. Erotic Cartographies: Decolonization and the Queer Caribbean Imagination. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2022.

Gill, Lyndon Kamaal. Erotic Islands: Art and Activism in the Queer Caribbean. Durham: Duke University Press, 2018.

Glave, Thomas. Our Caribbean: A Gathering of Lesbian and Gay Writing from the Antilles. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.

Gopinath, Gayatri. Impossible Desires: Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.

——. Unruly Visions: The Aesthetic Practices of Queer Diaspora. Durham: Duke University Press, 2018.

Gosine, Andil. “Brown to Blonde at Gay.com: Passing White in Queer Cyberspace.” In Queer Online: Media Technology and Sexuality, edited by Kate O’Riordan and David J. Phillips, 139–154. New York: Peter Lang, 2007. 

——. Nature’s Wild: Love, Sex, and Law in the Caribbean. Durham: Duke University Press, 2021.

——. “Non-White Reproduction and Same-Sex Eroticism: Queer Acts against Nature.” In Queer Ecologies, edited by Catriona Mortimer-Sandilands and Bruce Erickson, 149–72. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 2010.

——. “Sexual Desires, Rights and Regulation.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, no. 3 (2009): 1–4.

Hosein, Gabrielle, and Lisa Outar. Indo-Caribbean Feminist Thought: Genealogies, Theories, Enactments. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.

Hosein, Gabrielle. “Modern Navigations: Indo-Trinidadian Girlhood and Gender-Differential Creolization.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, no. 6 (2012): 1–24.

Kanhai, Rosanne. Matikor: The Politics of Identity for Indo-Caribbean Women. St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: University of the West Indies, School of Continuing Studies, 1999.

Kempadoo, Kamala. “Caribbean Sexuality: Mapping the Field.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, no. 3 (2009): 1–24.

——. Sexing the Caribbean. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Kempadoo, Roshini, Sharlene Khan, and Wendy Nanan. “After Indenture: Three Photo Stories.” Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 135–50. https://doi.org/10.1215/07990537-4156846.

King, Rosamond S. Island Bodies: Transgressive sexualities in the Caribbean Imagination. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014.

Lokaisingh-Meighoo, Sean. “Jahaji Bhai: Notes on the Masculine Subject and Homoerotic Subtext of Indo-Caribbean Identity.” Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism, no. 7 (2000): 77–92.

Mehta, Brinda J. Notions of Identity, Diaspora, and Gender in Caribbean Women’s Writing. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

——. Diasporic (Dis) Locations: Indo-Caribbean Women Writers Negotiate the “Kala Pani.” West Indies: University Press of the West Indies, 2004.

Mohammed, Patricia. “Towards Indigenous Feminist Theorizing in the Caribbean.” Feminist Review 59, no. 1 (June 1998): 6–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/014177898339433.

Nixon, Angelique V. Resisting Paradise: Tourism, Diaspora, and Sexuality in Caribbean Culture. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi Jackson, 2017.

Outar, Lisa. “‘Breaking Silences’: An Interview with Jahajee Sisters.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, no. 6 (2012): 1–11.

Persadie, Ryan. “‘Meh Just Realize I’s Ah Coolie Bai’: Indo-Caribbean Masculinities, Chutney Genealogies, and Qoolie Subjectivities.” Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies 4, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 56–86. https://doi.org/10.23870/marlas.287.

Persard, Suzanne C. “Coconut/Cane & Cutlass: Queer Visuality in the Indo-Caribbean Lesbian Archive.” Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies 4, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 40–55. https://doi.org/10.23870/marlas.290.

——. “Queering Chutney: Disrupting Heteronormative Paradigms of Indo-Caribbean Epistemology.” Journal of West Indian Literature 26, no. 1 (2018): 25–37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90021224.

Pirbhai, Mariam. Mythologies of Migration, Vocabularies of Indenture: Novels of the South Asian Diaspora in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia-Pacific. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016.

Pragg, Lauren. “The Queer Potential: (Indo)Caribbean Feminisms and Heteronormativity.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, no. 6 (2012): 1–14.

Puar, Jasbir Kaur. “Global Circuits: Transnational Sexualities and Trinidad.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 26, no. 4 (July 2001): 1039–65. https://doi.org/10.1086/495647.

——. “Transversal Circuits: Transnational Sexualities and Trinidad.” In A Companion to Feminist Geography, edited by Lise Nelson and Joni Seager, 398–416. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, January 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470996898.ch27.

——. “Circuits of Queer Mobility: Tourism, Travel, and Globalization.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 8, no. 1 (2002): 101–37.

Reddock, Rhoda. “Indian Women and Indentureship in Trinidad and Tobago 1845–1917: Freedom Denied.” Caribbean Quarterly 54, no. 4 (December 2008): 41–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2008.11829735.

Reddock, Rhoda. Interrogating Caribbean Masculinities: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses. Kingston: University Press of the West Indies, 2004.

Sandilands, Catriona, and Bruce Erickson. Queer Ecologies: Sex, Nature, Politics, Desire. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.

Singh, Rajkumari. “I Am a Coolie.” In The Routledge Reader in Caribbean Literature, edited by Alison Donnell and Sarah Lawson Welsh, 351–53. London: Routledge, 1996.

——. “Per Ajie—A Tribute to the First Immigrant Woman.” In The Routledge Reader in Caribbean Literature, edited by Alison Donnell and Sarah Lawson Welsh, 304–306. London: Routledge, 1996.

Tambiah, Yasmin. “Creating (Im)Moral Citizens: Gender, Sexuality and Lawmaking in Trinidad and Tobago, 1986.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, no. 3 (2003): 1–19.

Tinsley, Omise’eke Natasha. “Black Atlantic, Queer Atlantic: Queer Imaginings of the Middle Passage.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 14, no. 2–3 (2008): 191–215.

——. Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism between Women in Caribbean Literature. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.

Wahab, Amar. “(Re)Tracing Queerness: Archiving Indentureship’s ‘Coolie Homo/Erotic.’” Visual Studies 34, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 388–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/1472586x.2020.1715245.

——. “Homophobia as the State of Reason: The Case of Postcolonial Trinidad and Tobago.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 18, no. 4 (2012): 481–505. 

RELIGION

Crosson, J. Brent. Experiments with Power: Obeah and the Remaking of Religion in Trinidad. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2020.

Nevadomsky, Joseph. "Wedding Rituals and Changing Women's Rights Among the East Indians in Rural Trinidad." International Journal of Women's Studies 4, no. 5 (November–December 1981): 484–496. Lise Winer Papers, SC121. The Alma Jordan Library, the University of the West Indies.  

——. “Changing Conceptions of Family Regulation among the Hindu East Indians in Rural Trinidad.” Anthropological Quarterly 55, no. 4 (October 1982): 189. https://doi.org/10.2307/3317148.

Singh, Simboonath. “The Social Construction of a Collective Indian Ethno-Religious Identity in a Context of Ethnic Diversity, a Case Study of an Indo-Caribbean Hindu Temple in Toronto.” PhD diss., University of Toronto, 1997. 

Stephanides, Stephanos, and Karna Bahadur Singh. Translating Kali’s Feast: The Goddess in Indo-Caribbean Ritual and Fiction. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2000.

Stewart, Dominique. “Early Encounters in Colonial Jamaica: Hindu and Rastafari Divine Metaphysics.” Journal of Interreligious Studies 32, no. 1 (2021): 40–62.

Veer, Peter van der, and Steven Vertovec. “Brahmanism Abroad: On Caribbean Hinduism as an Ethnic Religion.” Ethnology 30, no. 2 (April 1991): 149–66. https://doi.org/10.2307/3773407.

Vertovec, Steven. The Hindu Diaspora: Comparative Patterns. London: Routledge, 2006. 

CREOLIZATION

Ansaldo, Umberto, and Stephen Matthews. “Deconstructing Creole: The Rationale.” Typological Studies in Language, 73 (2007): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.73.02ans.

Ballengee, Christopher L. “From Indian to Indo-Creole: Tassa Drumming, Creolization, and Indo-Caribbean Nationalism in Trinidad and Tobago.” PhD diss., University of Florida, 2013.

Bernabé, Jean, Patrick Chamoiseau, Raphaël Confiant, Mohamed B. Khyar, Jean Bernabe, and Raphael Confiant. “In Praise of Creoleness.” Callaloo 13, no. 4 (1990): 886. https://doi.org/10.2307/2931390.

Braithwaite, Edward Kamau. Contradictory Omens: Cultural Diversity and Integration in the Caribbean. Mona: Savacou Publications, 1974.

——. The Development of Creole Society 1770–1820. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 2005.

Cardoso, Hugo C. “The African Slave Population of Portuguese India.” Benjamins Current Topics, 38 (2012): 91–114. https://doi.org/10.1075/bct.38.04car.

Chakrabarti, Upal, Sanjukta Ghosh, and Ezra Rashkow. Memory, Identity and the Colonial Encounter in India. London: Routledge, 2018.

Cohen, Robin, and Paola Toninato. The Creolization Reader: Studies in Mixed Identities and Cultures. London: Routledge, 2010.

Crichlow, Michaeline A., and Patricia Northover. Globalization and the Post-Creole Imagination: Notes on Fleeing the Plantation. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.

Djebbari, Elina. “Dancing Salsa in Benin: Connecting the Creole Atlantic.” Atlantic Studies 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 110–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2019.1697579.

Edmond, Rod, and Vanessa Smith. Islands in History and Representation. London: Routledge, 2020.

Glissant, Édouard, and J. Michael Dash. Caribbean Discourse: Selected Essays. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1989.

——. Poetics of Relation. Translated by Betsy Wing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997.

Hall, Stuart. “Créolité and the Process of Creolization.” In The Creolization Reader: Studies in Mixed Identities and Culture, edited by Robin Cohen and Paola Toninato, 26–38. London: Routledge, 2010.

Hassankhan, Maurits S., Lomarsh Roopnarine, and Radica Mahase, eds. Social and Cultural Dimensions of Indian Indentured Labour and Its Diaspora Past and Present. London: Routledge, 2016.

Kabir, Ananya Jahanara. “The Dhantal’s Irreverence: Off-Beat as the In-between Time of Indenture.” In Social and Cultural Dimensions of Indian Indentured Labour and Its Diaspora: Past and Present, 305–16. London: Routledge, 2016.

——. “Beyond Créolité and Coolitude, the Indian on the Plantation Re-Creolization in the Transoceanic Frame.” Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies 4, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 174. https://doi.org/10.23870/marlas.304.

——. “Circum-Atlantic Connections and Their Global Kinetoscapes: African-Heritage Partner Dances.” Atlantic Studies 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2019.1708159.

——. “Creole Indias, Creolizing Pondicherry: Ari Gautier’s Le Thinnaias the Archipelago of Fragments.” Comparative Literature 74, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 202–18. https://doi.org/10.1215/00104124-9594839.

——. “Creolised Dance, Museumised Space: Jeannette Ehlers and Decolonial Re-Edification.” Moving Spaces Enacting Dance, Performance, and the Digital in the Museum 1 (September 16, 2021), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-534-6/004

——. “Creolising Universality.” In Minor Universality: Rethinking Humanity After Western Universalism / Universalité mineure: Penser l’humanité après l’universalisme occidental, edited by Markus Messling and Jonas Tinius, 215–30. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110798494-013.

——. “Creolization as Balancing Act in the Transoceanic Quadrille: Choreogenesis, Incorporation, Memory, Market.” Atlantic Studies 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 135–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2019.1700739

——. “Creolizers, Collaborators, Tastemakers: The Curious Case of the Weavers of Thieux,.” In Globalization and Sense-Making Practices: Phenomenologies of the Global, Local and Glocal, edited by Simi Malhotra, Zahra Rizvi, and Shraddha A. Singh, 65–79. Abingdon: Routledge, 2024.

——. “Decolonizing Time through Dance with Kwenda Lima: Cabo Verde, Creolization, and Affiliative Afromodernity.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 31, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 318–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2018.1512849.

——. “Elmina as Postcolonial Space: Transoceanic Creolization and the Fabric of Memory.” Interventions 22, no. 8 (2020): 994–1012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2020.1753555.

——. “Rapsodia Ibero-Indiana: Transoceanic Creolization and the Mando of Goa.” Modern Asian Studies 55, no. 5 (January 11, 2021): 1581–1636. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x20000311.

——. “The Creolizing Turn and Its Archipelagic Directions.” The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 10, no. 1 (January 2023): 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1017/pli.2022.31.

Malhotra, Simi, Zahra Rizvi, and Shraddha A. Singh, eds. Globalization and Sense-Making Practices: Phenomenologies of the Global, Local and Glocal. Abingdon: Routledge, 2024.

Manuel, Peter. Creolizing Contradance in the Caribbean. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2011.

Markovitz, Claude. “On Political History of Britishness in India: Cornwallis and the Early Demise of Creole India.” In Memory, Identity and the Colonial Encounter in India: Essays in Honour of Peter Robb, edited by Ezra Rashkow, Sanjukta Ghosh, and Upal Chakrabarti, 202–18. Abingdon: Routledge, 2018.

Moreira de Sousa, Silvio, Johannes Mücke, and Philipp Krämer. “A History of Creole Studies.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. Last modified on April 26, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.387.

Parvulescu, Anca, and Manuela Boatcă. Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania across Empires. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2022.

Sealey, Kris, and Benjamin P. Davis. Creolizing Critical Theory: New Voices in Caribbean Philosophy. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2024.

Selbach, Rachel, Hugo Cardoso, and Margot van den Berg, eds. Gradual Creolization Studies celebrating Jacques Arends. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009.

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. “Culture on the Edges: Creolization in the Plantation Context.” In Trouillot Remixed: The Michel-Rolph Trouillot Reader, edited by Yarimar Bonilla, Greg Becket, and Mayanthi L. Fernando, 194–214. Durham: Duke University Press, 2021. Previously published in Plantation Society in the Americas 5, no. 1 (1998): 8–28.

Verges, Francoise, and Carpanin Marimoutou. “Moorings: Indian Ocean Creolizations.” PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 9, no. 1 (June 6, 2012). https://doi.org/10.5130/portal.v9i1.2568

Verges, Francoise. “The Island of Wandering Souls: Processes of Creolization, Politics of Emancipation and the Problematic of Absence on Reunion Island.” In Islands in History and Representation, edited by Rod Edmond and Vanessa Smith, 162–176. London: Routledge, 2003.

Wynter, Sylvia. “Creole Criticism: A Critique.” New World Quarterly 5, no. 4 (1972): 12–36.

——. “Novel and History, Plot and Plantation.” Savacou, no. 5 (1971): 95–102. 

OCEANIC STUDIES

Balachandran, Gopalan. “South Asian Seafarers and Their Worlds, 1870s–1930s.” In Seascapes: Maritime Histories, Littoral Cultures, and Transoceanic Exchanges, edited by Jerry H. Bentley, Renate Bridenthal, Kären Wigen, 186–202. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2007.

Bentley, Jerry H., Renate Bridenthal, and Kären Wigen, eds. Seascapes: Maritime Histories, Littoral Cultures, and Transoceanic Exchanges. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2017.

Bishara, Fahad Ahmad. A Sea of Debt: Law and Economic life in the Western Indian Ocean, 1780–1950. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Fisher, Michael H. “Working across the Seas: Indian Maritime Labourers in India, Britain, and in between, 1600–1857.” International Review of Social History 51, no. S14 (November 3, 2006): 21–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859006002604.

Ghosh, Devleena, and Stephen Muecke. Cultures of Trade: Indian Ocean Exchanges. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007.

Green, Nile. “The Waves of Heterotopia: Toward a Vernacular Intellectual History of the Indian Ocean.” The American Historical Review 123, no. 3 (May 30, 2018): 846–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/123.3.846

Hau’ofa, Epeli. We are the Ocean: Selected Works. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2008. 

Hofmeyr, Isabel. “Universalizing the Indian Ocean.” PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 125, no. 3 (May 2010): 721–29. https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.3.721.

Machado, Pedro. Ocean of Trade. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

Menon, Dilip M., Nishat Zaidi, Simi Malhotra, and Saarah Jappie. Ocean as Method: Thinking with the Maritime. Abingdon: Routledge, 2022.

Chatterji, Joya, and David Washbrook, eds. Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora. London: Routledge, 2018.

Vergès, Françoise. “Writing on Water: Peripheries, Flows, Capital, and Struggles in the Indian Ocean.” positions: asia critique 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 241–57. https://doi.org/10.1215/10679847-11-1-241.

Walker, Iain, and Marie-Aude Fouéré. Across the Waves: Strategies of Belonging in Indian Ocean Island Societies. Leiden: Brill, 2022.

Washbrook, David. “The World of the Indian Ocean.” In Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora, edited by Joya Chatterji and David Washbrook, 13–22. London: Routledge, 2013. 

DIASPORA STUDIES

Aiyar, Sana. “Out of India: East Africa and iIs South African Diasporas.” In Routledge Handbook of the Indian Diaspora, edited by Radha Hegde and Ajaya Sahoo, 62–74. London: Routledge, 2018.

Brah, Avtar. Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London: Routledge, 2005.

Braziel, Jana Evans, and Anita Mannur. Theorizing Diaspora: A Reader. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.

Cohen, Robin. “Diasporas and the Nation-State: From Victims to Challengers.” International Affairs 72, no. 3 (July 1996): 507–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/2625554.

Hansen, Thomas Blom. “Diasporic Dispositions.” Himāl South Asian Dec. 1, 2002. https://www.himalmag.com/essay/diasporic-dispositions.

Karinkurayil, Mohamed Shafeeq. The Gulf Migrant Archives in Kerala: Reading Borders and Belonging. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024.

Martinez-San Miguel, Yolanda. Coloniality of Diasporas: Rethinking Intra-colonial Migrations in a Pan-Caribbean Context. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. 

Mishra, Vijay. “(B)Ordering Naipaul: Indenture History and Diasporic Poetics.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 5, no. 2 (September 1996): 189–237. https://doi.org/10.1353/dsp.1996.0013.

——. “Diasporas and the Art of Impossible Mourning.” In Diaspora: Theories, Histories, Texts, edited by Makarand Paranjape, 24–47. New Delhi: Indialog, 2001.

Munos, Delphine, and Mala Pandurang. “Introduction: Race Relations and the South Asian Diasporic Imaginary.” South Asian Diaspora 10, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/19438192.2018.1460925.

Peeren, Esther. “Through the Lens of the Chronotope: Suggestions for a Spatio-Temporal Perspective on Diaspora.” In Diaspora and Memory: Figures of Displacement in Contemporary Literature, Arts and Politics, ed. Marie-Aude Baronian, Stephan Besser, and Yolande Jansen, 67–77, Vol. 13 of Thamyris/Intersecting: Place, Sex and Race. Berlin: Brill, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401203807_007.

Hegde, Radha, and Ajaya Sahoo. Routledge Handbook of the Indian Diaspora. London: Routledge, 2018.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Diasporas Old and New: Women in the Transnational World.” Textual Practice 10, no. 2 (June 1996): 245–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502369608582246

Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” In Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader, edited by Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman, 404–15. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315656496-39.  

POETRY, FICTION

Busjeet, Vinod. Silent Winds, Dry Seas: A Novel. New York: Doubleday, 2021.

Dabydeen, David. Coolie Odyssey. Hertford: Hansib Publications, 2006.

——. The Counting House. Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 2005.

Das, Mahadai. A Leaf in His Ear: Selected Poems. Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 2010.

Dhillon, Pally. Kijabe: An African Historical Saga. Fayetteville: Prep Publishing, 2000.

Espinet, Ramabai. The Swinging Bridge. Toronto: Harper Flamingo Canada, 2003.

Ghosh, Amitav. sea of poppies. Vol 1. of Ibis Trilogy. Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2009.

——. river of smoke. Vol 2. of Ibis Trilogy. Toronto: Viking Canada, 2011. 

——. flood of fire. Vol. 3. of Ibis Trilogy. Toronto: Viking, 2015.

Hosein, Kevin Jared. Hungry Ghosts. New York: Ecco, 2023.

Mishra, Sudesh. Diaspora and the Difficult Art of Dying. Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 2002.

Mishra, Sudesh. Tandava. Melbourne: Meanjin Press, 1992.

Mittelhölzer, Edgar, and Juanita Cox. Corentyne Thunder. Leeds, England: Peepal Tree Press, 2009.

Mohan, Peggy Ramesar. Jahajin. New Delhi: Harper Collins Publishers and the India Today Group, 2007.

Nagamootoo, Moses. Hendree’s Cure: Scenes from Madrasi Life in a New World. Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 2000.

Naipaul, V. S. A House for Mr. Biswas. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992.

——. Miguel Street. Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2012.

Oza, Janika. A History of Burning. New York: Grand Central, 2024.

Powell, Patricia. The Pagoda. Orlando: Harcourt, Inc., 1999.

Selvon, Sam. The Lonely Londoners. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1956.

FOOD

Alibhai-Brown, Yasmin. The Settler’s Cookbook: Tales of Love, Migration and Food. London: Portobello, 2010.

Goffe, Tao Leigh. “Sugarwork: The Gastropoetics of Afro-Asia after the Plantation.” Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 5, no. 1–2 (April 11, 2019): 31–56. https://doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00501003

Phillips, Riaz. East Winds: Recipes, History and Tales from the Hidden Caribbean. London: DK, 2023.

JOURNALS

Caribbean Studies 1–50 (1961–2002). https://www.jstor.org/journal/caristud.

Journal of Indentureship and Its Legacies 2, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.13169/jofstudindentleg.2.1.000i

Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 11, no. 2 (June 2007). https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/11807.

South Asian Diaspora 12, no. 2 (2020). https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rsad20/12/2?nav=tocList.

Wasafiri, nos. 1–120 (1984–2024). https://www.wasafiri.org/

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Colloquy

Black and Brown Intimacies Across Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean

European exploitation desires the black slave, the Chinese coolie, and the Indian laborer for the same ends and the same purposes.”

W. E. B. Du Bois “The Clash of Color: Indians and American Negroes.” The Aryan Path 1936 (2005).

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The rights of a coolie in California, in Peru, in Jamaica, in Trinidad, and on board the vessels bearing them to these countries are scarcely more guarded than were those of the Negro slaves brought to our shores a century ago.”

Frederick Douglass, “Cheap Labor.” Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, vol. 4, Reconstruction and After, ed. Philip Foner (New York: International, 1955).

From pre-colonial Indian Ocean trade relations to postcolonial formations such as the Non-Aligned movement, from intimacies forged through the related colonial displacements of enslavement and indenture to contemporary mercantile migrations as part of neoliberal globalized orders, Africa and Asia have never been far apart. In their relation, multiple global narratives unfold. Reading Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia alongside each other reveals polycentric and multivalent histories.

Through an engagement with histories of colonialism, enslavement, indenture, and mercantile migration, shared movements and imaginations of decolonization, this colloquy examines how studying Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean alongside each other brings to the fore understandings and grapplings with race and ethnicity that are not always commensurate with or addressed by Euro-US frameworks. Through the work of scholars and artists who engage with Afro-Asian relations through political, religious, performance, linguistic, culinary and other forms, the colloquy draws our attention to the specificities of region, to structuring hierarchies of ethnic, linguistic, and caste affiliations, and invites us to engage with more granular histories of cross-ethnic and cross-racial relation, filled with the messy collision of connections and antagonisms, frictions and solidarities.  

Caribbean studies and Atlantic and Indian Ocean studies have developed nuanced and complex frameworks to study the dense racial, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural encounters and mixing in locations across the Francophone, Anglophone, and Dutch Caribbean as well as along the Swahili coast, and islands such as Mauritius, Madagascar, Zanzibar, and Réunion, among many others. Given disciplinary boundaries and silos, it is unfortunately rare for these frameworks to be studied together, so we might appreciate the rich encounters between a range of creole cultures without flattening continents and regions or only considering nation-state histories and trajectories.

In The Intimacies of Four Continents, Lisa Lowe recommends we focus on “the convergence of asymmetries rather than the imperatives of identity,” and, in an essay titled, “History Hesitant,” she calls for “retir[ing] the convention of comparison” to think differently “about the important asymmetries of contact, encounter, convergence, and solidarity.” Édouard Glissant sees collisions between cultures as productive of Relation, where in the multiplicity and diversity of beings in Relation, “each and every identity is extended through a relationship with the Other.” Our colloquy attends to histories of inter-ethnic and -racial conflict, and political and economic dominance and marginalization, which alert us to the fractious realities of these relations, and equally to political, artistic and other collaborations that attest to coalitional solidarity and sensuous intimacies.

By engaging with work that demonstrates historical depth, theoretical rigor, aesthetic experimentation, and radical political imaginations, this colloquy showcases studies of cross-racial intimacies, conceived as complex entanglements of the many affects generated by proximity. Transoceanic Black and Brown intimacy is under-researched and under-represented in scholarship on race and ethnicity. Our colloquy features work firmly grounded and invested in the people, ecologies, and histories that oceanic routes brought into contact, and the enduring legacies of those encounters.

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